The Concept of Zero Energy Intelligent Buildings (ZEIB): A Review of Sustainable Development for Future Cities
AmirHosein GhaffarianHoseini *
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia and Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Malaysia.
Ali GhaffarianHoseini
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia and Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Malaysia.
Nastaran Makaremi
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia and Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment, Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Malaysia.
Mahdiar GhaffarianHoseini
Faculty of Environmental Design (EVDS), University of Calgary, Canada.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
It is noticed that intelligent buildings are aimed to consider social, environmental and economic values beside a substantial focus to the automated technological attributes. Due to many promising green building initiatives, the accelerated level of interests towards the applications of information technology and advanced control techniques in architecture design has been observed. With a viewpoint to the sustainable development of future cities, attributing the eventual impacts of climate change, various interrelated green building design approaches have been implemented. This study aims to elucidate the significant advancements of intelligent building design as a key constituent of eco-city development for creating greener and effective built environments. Current effort in this study is also geared toward considerable and practical implementations that were carried out in order to create buildings with zero energy consumption. Emphasis is placed upon reviewing the recent theories, attempts, implementations, and challenges towards the development of zero energy intelligent buildings (ZEIB). The findings inferred from the theoretical analysis confirm that the significant contribution of ZEIB concept will end up for the sustainable development of future eco-cities.
Keywords: Zero energy buildings (ZEB), intelligent buildings (IB), zero energy intelligent buildings (ZEIB), sustainable development, building energy performances, renewable energy, climate change