Seasonal Incidence of Insect-pests, Natural Enemies and Pollinators of Solanum melongena L. and Correlation between Their Daily Occurrences with Weather Parameters
R. R. Singh
Department of Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India.
M. K. Jena *
Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska-159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
N. Goudia
Department of Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741252, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The investigation was carried out at K.V.K Instructional Farm of Bhawanipatna, Kalahandi, Odisha, India during the cropping season 2020-21. Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB), whitefly, and jassid were the most significant pests found in brinjal, Solanum melongena L. while epilachna beetle was of minor importance as it was found in much lower numbers and caused less damage. They were found from 2nd to 16th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW). The population of whitefly had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean Relative Humidity (RH). There was a significant negative correlation of population of jassids with evening and mean RH but significant positive correlation with bright sunshine hours. The population of epilachna had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean RH but positive correlation with maximum, minimum and mean temperature. BSFB infestation on fruit had significant negative correlation with morning, evening and mean RH but positive correlation with maximum and mean temperature. There was a significant positive correlation of BSFB infestation on shoot with maximum, minimum and mean temperature but significant negative correlation with rainfall. The natural enemies found in brinjal ecosystem from 4th to 16th SMW and belonged to ladybird beetles, spiders, preying mantids, black ant, carabid beetle, syrphid flies, damselfly and chrysopids. The population of spiders had significant negative correlation with evening and mean RH but positive correlation with bright sunshine hours. There was a significant negative correlation of population of coccinellids with evening RH. The pollinators recorded from experimental field were honeybee and carpenter bee from 3rd to 16th SMW. Among them, carpenter bee, Xylocopa sp. was the most dominant visitor of brinjal flower in the field and was identified as potentially important in brinjal. The pollinators appeared in higher numbers during the blooming period and was the dominant species found in the field. The population of honey bees had significant negative correlation with evening RH.
Keywords: Insect pests, natural enemies, pollinators, seasonal incidence, Solanum melongena, weather parameters
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Choudhary B. Vegetables (8th Edition) National Book Trust India, New Delhi, PDKV, Akola (MS). 1977;48-55.
De Candolle A. Origin of cultivated plants. 2nd Edition. Reprinted 1959. New York; 1886.
NHB. Indian Horticulture Database-2015, National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India; 2015.
Gopalan C, Ramasastri BV and Balasubramanian S. Nutritive value of Indian foods, published by National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), ICMR. Entomology. 2007;8(1/2):97-107.
Nasif SO & Siddiquee S. Host preference, mode of damage and succession of major insect pests of brinjal. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 2020;35(8):68-78.
Thakur NSA, Firake DM, Behere GT, Firake PD, Saikia K. Biodiversity of agriculturally important insects in north eastern Himalaya. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 2012;25:37-40.
Mall NP, Pandey RS, Singh SV and Singh SK. Seasonal incidence of insect pests and estimation of the losses caused by shoot and fruit borer on brinjal. Indian Journal of Entomology, 1992;54:241-47.
Anwar S, Mari JM, Khanzada MA, Ullah F. Efficacy of insecticides against infestation of brinjal fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) under field conditions. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2015;3:292-295.
Ali A and Rizvi PQ. Life table studies of Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabr. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at varying temperature on Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. World Applied Science Journal, 2009;7: 897-901.
Kowalska G. Flowering biology of egg plant and procedures intensifying fruit- set. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus. 2008;7(4):63-76.
Free JB. Insect pollination of crops. London: Academic Press; 1993.
Banerjee TK, Ghosh MR & Raychaudhuri D. Population fluctuation of Aphis gossypii Glover over Solanum melongena in the district of Hooghly, West Bengal. Indian Agriculturist. 1986;30(4):287-292.
Maiti ML, Banerjee TK & Raychaudhuri D. Population dynamics of Aphis gossypii Glover on okra, West Bengal: Key factor analysis. Science Culture. 1989;55:499- 502.
Saha S, Dasgupta S, Raychaudhuri D. Dynamics of Aphis gossypii glover infesting chilli and sunflower in West Bengal. Proceedings Zoological Society Calcutta. 1992;45(Supplementary material A):411-419.
Ashfaq M, Noor AM, Khuram Z, Nasreen A, Mansoor-ul- Hasan. The correlation of abiotic factors and physicomorphic characteristics of (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bt transgenic cotton with whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and jassid, Amrasca devastans (Homoptera: Jassidae) populations. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2010;5(22):3102-3107.
Kaur MS, Dhatt S, Ajmer S, Sandhu J, Gosal Satbir S. Genetic transformation of Cry 1AC gene to counter fruit and shoot borer of brinjal (Solanum melongena L). Crop Improvement. 2010;37(02):200.
Sarangadevot SS, Sharma US and Ameta OP. Efficacy of insecticides and neem oil against sucking insect pests of brinjal (Solanum melongene L). Pestology, 2006;30(2):31-34.
Muthukumar M and Kalyanasundaram. Influence of biotic factors on the incidence of major insect pests in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). South Indian Horticulture. 2003;51(1/6):214-218.
Hasan W, Ansari MS, Ali H. Distribution pattern of whitefly Bemisia tabaci under natural condition on okra cultivars. Entomon. 2008;33:113-117.
Samal T and Patnaik HP. Incidence and spatial distribution of leaf hopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) in insecticide protected brinjal field. Journal of Plant Protection and Environment. 2008;5(1): 80-84.
Shyam Prasad G, Logiswaran G. Influence of weather factors on population fluctuation of insect pests on brinjal at Madurai, Tamilnadu. Indian Journal of Entomology. 1997;59(4):385-388.
Raghuraman M, Veeravel R. Influence of abiotic factors on the incidence of spotted leaf beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F) in brinjal. Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystem. 1999;5(1):17-20.
Ghosh SK, Senapati SK. Biology and seasonal fluctuation of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Fabr.) on Brinjal under Tarai region of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 2001;35: 149-154.
Sarvendra S, Akhilesh K and Awasthi BK. Study of Sucking and leaf feeding insect in relation to weather parameters on the brinjal crops.Vegetable Science. 2005;32(2):210-212.
Andrewartha HG and Birch LC. The distribution and abundance of animals. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. 1954;782.
Suman M, Swaminathan R. Bio-ecology and management Henosepilachna vigintioctopunclata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) infesting aswagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences. 2007;29:16-19.
Chen LF, Lu ZQ, Zhu SD. Biology of Henosepilachna vigintioctopunclata (Fabricius) and its effective accumulated temperature. Plant Protection.1989; 1:7-8.
Shaik S. Studies on seasonal incidence of major insect pests and efficacy of new insecticide molecules against shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) on brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). M.Sc. thesis IGKV, Raipur. 2012;78.
Devi P. Population dynamics and management of major insect pests on brinjal. M.Sc. Thesis IGKV, Raipur. 2013;52.
Kumar KR, Singh NN, Raju SVS and Mishra VK. Influence of abiotic factors on seasonal incidence of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. in Varanasi Region. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4. 2017;6(4):1513- 1518.
Singh RKR, Devjani P and Singh TK. Population dynamics of Leucinodes orbonalis. Annals of Plant Protection Science. 2009;17(2):486-487.
Naqvi AR, Pareek BL and Mitharwal BS. Seasonal incidence of shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee infesting in hyper arid regions of Rajasthan. Journal of Insect Science. 2009;22:195-198.
Singh RS, Guram MS. Trials for control of brinjal fruit and shoot borer. Plant Protetction Bulletin. 1967;18(3):13-17.
Tiwari G, Prasad CS, Nath Lok, Singh Rajendra. Efficacy of bio –pesticides and insecticides on brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee. Annals of Plant Protection Science. 2011;19:345-349.
Atwal AS, Verma ND. Development of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in relation to different levels of temperature and humidity. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 1972;42(9): 849-854.