Influences of Changes in Rainfall and Solar Radiation on Performance of Kharif Sorghum
Sourabh Munnoli *
Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
K. Shivashankar
Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
Aishwarya Golshetti
Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Kharif sorghum is an important crop of the northern transition zone (NTZ) of Karnataka. Historically this zone was characterized by the assured and uniform distribution of rainfall during the southwest monsoon. The last decade has witnessed increased erraticity in the onset, progress and distribution of rainfall, but days without rain also remain cloudy for weeks during Kharif season, thus lower the crop canopy, which affects the yield, interrupts solar radiation. Solar radiation, rainfall are the two important climatic factors affecting crop performance, but it is logistically difficult, and resource demanding to artificially create study-growing environment under field conditions. Alternately, Crop Simulation Models can be effectively used for such studies by creating customized weather scenarios within the model. Four rainfall scenarios (±10 and ±20 % over observed) and four solar radiation scenarios (±10 and ±20 % over observed) were created by using 32 years’ observed weather data (1985-2016) within the calibrated and validated DSSAT-CERES-Sorghum model [1].
Simulations were run across all the above scenarios for 32 years' seasonal analysis with the best four kharif sorghum cultivars sown across three dates of sowing under the standard package of practices followed for NTZ. Model simulated annual outputs for grain yield over 32 years were averaged and presented. The model simulated results revealed that for NTZ changes in solar radiation was found to have more effect on yield than rainfall. Any reduction in solar radiation over observed drastically reduces the yield. Across cultivars and dates of sowing under observed weather (1985-2016), on average, 1720 kg ha-1 yield was simulated. When solar radiation was reduced by 10 % across rainfall scenarios the average yield was reduced to 1424 kg ha-1 which further reduced to 670 kg ha-1 (61% reduction) when solar radiation was reduced by 20 %. In contrast, when solar radiation was increased by 10 % and 20 %, the model simulated 2967 kg ha-1 and 3181 kg ha-1 yield, respectively which is 42 and 46 % more over the yield of observed weather. This study showed that for NTZ of Karnataka during the Kharif season increased cloudy period will have a more adverse effect on yield than changes to rainfall.
Keywords: DSSAT-CERES model, rainfall, seasonal analysis, solar radiation, sorghum
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Manjanagouda SS, Patil RH, Rajanna GA. Calibration and evaluation of DSSAT–CERES model for kharif sorghum genotypes. J. Exp. Agric. Int. 2019;30(3): 1–8.
Cenacchi N, Lin Y, Sulser TB, Islam S, Mason-D’Croz D, Kim CG, Wiebe KD. Climate change, agriculture, and adaptation in the Republic of Korea to 2050: an integrated assessment. International Food Policy Research Institute: 2016;1586.
Hoogenboom G, Tsuji GY, Jones JW, Singh U, Godwin DC, Pickering NB, Curry RB. Decision support system to study climate change impacts on crop production. ASA Spec. Publ. No. 59. Am. Soc. Agron, Madison, WI. 1995; 51–75.
Kajal K. Monogabay news and inspiration from natures frontline in India; 2020.
Matthews R, Stephens W, Hess T, Mason T, Graves A. (Applications of crop/soil simulation models in developing countries. United Kingdom: Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield University. 2000;175.
Srivastava A, Naresh Kumar S, Aggarwal PK. Assessment on vulnerability of sorghum to climate change in India. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2010;138: 160–169.
Assefa Y, Staggenborg SA, Prasad VPV. Grain Sorghum Water Requirement and Responses to Drought Stress: A Review. Cm.; 2010. DOI: 10.1094/CM-2010-1109-01-RV
Anonymous. Area, production and productivity of major cereals in India. In: Agricultural Statistics at a glance, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. 2016;195-221.
Sannagoudar MS, Patil RH, Rajanna GA. Calibration and evaluation of DSSAT-CERES model for Kharif sorghum genotypes. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International. 2019;30(3):2457-0591.
Eghball B, Power JF, Binford GD, Baltensperger DD, Anderson FN. Maize temporal yield variability under long-term manure and fertilizer application: fractal analysis. Soil Sci. Society of Am. J. 1995;59(5):1360-1364.