Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A Rapid Analytical Technique for Soil and Plant
V. P. Soniya *
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural Univesity, Thrissur, India.
P. S. Bhindhu
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-KVK, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
M. Sujaina
Department of Soil Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become one of the most prominent analytical technique with great potential for real time and large-scale soil and plant analyses. In this technology, an intense pulse of laser radiation is focused onto sample where it ablates the material from surface and creates a microplasma. The plasma, excites atoms and atomic ions which emits radiation specific to the elemental composition of the sample and the spectra generated are used for the identification of elements. In a characteristic LIBS spectrum, wavelength corresponds to the type of element and relative strength of spectrum signifies concentration of the element. A well calibrated LIBS instrument performs diverse soil and plant analysis. Its application in detection of soil texture, micro, macro and heavy metals in soil was well documented with high calibration and prediction accuracy. A method for rapid, high resolution (100 μm) and multi-element imaging of root-rhizoshere interface was prepared with LIBS and imaging software to map switch grass (Panicum virgatum) rhizosphere with good limit of detection for soil matrix components and nutrients. LIBS combined with chemometrics was used to detect the cadmium content in rice using extreme learning machine (ELM) model and obtained a prediction accuracy of 93.33 per cent. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy requires minimal sample preparation for analysis without production of polluting waste and incurs relatively low cost compared to traditional techniques. On the other hand, matrix dependency of measurement, relatively high limit of detection for some elements, unstable signal intensity, and low reproducibility of results due to variations in laser spark are the major limitations.
Keywords: Soil, plant, spectroscopy, electronic signal
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Yu K, Ren J, and Zhao Y. Principles, developments and applications of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in agriculture: A review. Artif. Intell. Agric. 2020;4:127-139.
Noll R. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: Fundamentals and applications. New York, NY: Springer. 2012;542.
Lee W, Wu J, Lee Y, and Sneddon J. Recent applications of laser-induced breakdown spectrometry: A review of material approaches. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 2004;39:27–97.
Pasquini C, Cortez J, Silva L, and Gonzaga FB Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2007;18:463-512.
Deming SN, Palasota JA, and Palasota JM. Experimental design in chemometrics. Journal of Chemometrics. 1991;5:181–192.
Miziolek AW, Palleschi V, Schechter I. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Fundamentals and applications. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 2006;620.
Villas‐Boas PR, Franco MA, Martin‐Neto L, Gollany HT, and Milori DM. Applications of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil analysis, part I: Review of fundamentals and chemical and physical properties. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 2020;71(5): 789-804.
Barbafieri M, Pini R, Ciucci A, and Tassi E. Field assessment of Pb in contaminated soils and in leaf mustard (Brassica juncea): The LIBS technique. Chem. Ecol. 2011;27:161–169.
Capitelli F, Colao F, Provenzano MR, Fantoni R, Brunetti G, and Senesi N. Determination of heavy metals in soils by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Geoderma. 2002;106:45–62.
Santos D, Nunes LC, Trevizan LC, Godoi Q, Leme FO, Braga JWB, and Krug FJ. Evaluation of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for cadmium determination in soils. Spectrochimica Acta Part B. 2009; 64:1073–1078.
Villas-Boas PR, Romano RA, de Menezes Franco MA, Ferreira EC, Ferreira EJ, Crestana S, and Milori DMBP. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to determine soil texture: A fast analytical technique. Geoderma. 2016;263:195-202.
Xu X, Du C, Ma F, Shen Y, and Zhou J. Fast and simultaneous determination of soil properties using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): A case study of typical farmland soils in China. Soil Syst. 2019;3(4):66-84.
He Y, Liu X, Lv Y, Liu F, Peng J, Shen T, Zhao Y, Tang Y, and Luo S. Quantitative analysis of nutrient elements in soil using single and double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Sensors. 2018; 18(5):1526-1541.
Erler A, Riebe D, Beitz T, Löhmannsröben HG, and Gebbers R. Soil nutrient detection for precision agriculture using handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and multivariate regression methods (PLSR, lasso and GPR). Sensors 2020;20(2):418-435.
Yang Y, Hao X, Zhang L, and Ren L. Application of scikit and keras libraries for the classification of iron ore data acquired by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Sensors. 2019;20(5): 1393.
Ilhardt PD, Nuñez JR, Denis EH, Rosnow JJ, Krogstad EJ, Renslow RS, and Moran JJ. High-resolution elemental mapping of the root-rhizosphere-soil continuum using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Soil Biol. Biochem. 2019;131:119-132.
Wang W, Kong W, Shen T, Man Z, Zhu W, He Y, Liu F, and Liu Y. Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in detection of cadmium content in rice stems. Front. Plant Sci. 2019;11:2073-2084.
Zhao C, Dong D, Du X, and Zheng W. In-field, In-situ, and In-vivo 3-dimensional elemental mapping for plant tissue and soil analysis using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Sensors. 2016;16(10):1764-1778.
Fu X, Li G, and Dong D. Improving the detection sensitivity for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: A review. Front. Phys. 2020;8:68.
Anabitarte F, Cobo A, and Lopez-Higuera JM. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy: fundamentals, applications, and challenges. Spectroscopy. 2012; 1-10.