Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Direct Seeding Versus Ground Seeding Mechanization Services in Smallholder Farming Systems of North West IGP on Energy Use Efficiency and Quality of Rice Culture: A Review
P. K. Singh
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P., India.
Arun Kumar
S. K. Rajasthan University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.
R. K. Naresh
Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P., India.
Raghvendra Shah Sisodi
College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Kundeshwar Road, Tikamgarh, M.P., India.
Rojalin Hota
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, MITS Institute of Professional Studies, Rayagada, Odisha, India.
Nibedan Halder
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, MITS Institute of Professional Studies, Rayagada, Odisha, India.
Dhritiman Das
School of Smart Agriculture, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
P. Viviana
Department of Vegetable Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
Himanshu Tiwari *
Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P., India.
Suneel Kumar
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P., India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Various sectors use AI technologies to increase output and productivity. AI in agriculture also enables farmers to boost productivity while minimizing harmful environmental effects. AI is transforming the food-processing industry, where agricultural emissions have dropped by 20%. Mechanization is once again one of the top development policy targets for changing the smallholder agricultural system in the north west IGP. To support public investment or company development programs, however, previous and ongoing efforts frequently suffer from a lack of scientific data on end-user effective demand for various sorts of mechanical improvements. Rice production involves intricate agronomic procedures. Seeding, fertilizing, and pesticide application are labour- and time-intensive tasks that have low automation efficiency. Currently, a lot of research focuses on the single UAV operation on rice, but there aren't many applications that cover the entire process of sowing, fertilizing, and applying pesticides. Based on the intelligent operating platform, a mUAV was created to oversee the planting of rice. This aircraft accomplished three tasks on the same flight platform: seeding, fertilizer application, and pesticide application. Machine design was carried out using simulations of CFD. The cultivation patterns of mechanical rice direct seeder, mechanical rice transplanter, and mUAV seeding were compared to perform a comparative evaluation of the entire process. With improved rice automation, fewer labour inputs, and lower costs, it is intended that this evaluation will offer new machinery for rice farming patterns in various conditions.
Keywords: Mechanisation, unmanned aerial vehicle, direct seeded rice
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Naresh RK, Chandra MS, Charankumar GR, Chaitanya J, Alam MS, Singh PK, Ahlawat P. The prospect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in precision agriculture for farming systems productivity in sub-tropical India: A review. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 2020;39(48):96-110.
Liakos KG, Busato P, Moshou D, Pearson S, Bochtis D. Machine learning in agriculture: A review. Sensors. 2018; 18(8):2674.
Bhandari H. Global rice production, consumption and trade: Trends and future directions. In Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference. The Korean Society of Crop Science. 2019;5-5.
Fukagawa NK, Ziska LH. Rice: Importance for global nutrition. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2019; 65(Supplement):S2-S3.
Zhu F, Chen H, Xu Y. Countermeasure and perspective of mechanization of rice planting in China. North Rice. 2007;5:13–18. DOI: 10.3969/J.ISSN. 1673-6737.2007.05.005
He RY, Luo HY, Li YT, Wang XH, Zhang L. Comparison and analysis of different rice planting methods in China. Transactions of the CSAE. 2008;24(1):167-171.
Feng YJ, Wang Q, Zhao HL, Song QL, Sun Y, Ceng XN. Research status and prospect of the direct seeding technology of rice in China. China Rice. 2020; 26(1):23-27.
Chen S, Lan Y, Li J, Zhou Z, Liu A, Xu X. Comparison of the pesticide effects of aerial and artificial spray applications for rice. J. South China Agric. Univ. 2017;38:103–109. DOI: 10.7671/J.Issn.1001-411x.2017.04.017
Li C, Tang Y, Wu C, Huang G. Effect of sowing patterns on growth, development and yield formation of wheat in rice stubble land. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. 2012;28(18): 36-43.
Song C, Zhou Z, Jiang R, Luo X, He X, Ming R. Design and parameter optimization of pneumatic rice sowing device for unmanned aerial vehicle. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. 2018b;34(6):80-88.
Lan Y, Shengde C, Fritz BK. Current status and future trends of precision agricultural aviation technologies. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2017;10(3):1-17.
Bao CJ, Li B. The research progress of rice transplanter in Japan. Transactions of the CSAM. 2004;35(1):162-166.
Zhang J, Zhou H. Substitution elasticity of labour and machinery in the production of rice under the background of mechanization: Based on the survey data of rice farmers in Jiangsu Province. Journal of Southern Agriculture. 2019; 50(2):432-438.
Wang L, Zhou J, Xu Y, Li Z, Zhang B. Application status and prospect of agricultural UAV. Agrochemicals. 2019; 58(9):625-630.
Zhang HC, Gong JL. Research status and development discussion on high-yielding agronomy of mechanized planting rice in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2014; 47(7):1273-1289.
Zhou T, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang J. Monitoring rice fertilization by remote sensing technology-application of unmanned aerial vehicle in improving rice taste quality. Sci. Technol. Cereal. Oils Foods. 2019;27:27–30.
DOI: 10.16210/j.cnki.1007-7561.2019.06.005
Wang C, Song J, He X, Wang Z, Wang S, Meng Y. Effect of flight parameters on distribution characteristics of pesticide spraying droplets deposition of plant-protection unmanned aerial vehicle. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. 2017;33(23):109-116.
Singh PK, Naresh RK, Bhatt R, Tiwari H, Singh O, Singh A, Kumar R. Efficient crop management strategies to improve crop resilience and crop-water productivity enhancement under direct seeded rice cultivation system in adverse climatic conditions: A Review; 2023.
Farooq MKHM, Siddique KH, Rehman H, Aziz T, Lee DJ, Wahid A. Rice direct seeding: Experiences, challenges and opportunities. Soil and Tillage Research. 2011;111(2):87-98.
Yang WH, Kim JK, Lee MH, Chen SC, Han HS. Status and prospect on rice direct seeding technology of farmers. The Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture. 2015;27(3):342-347.
Zhang M, Wang Z, Luo X, Zang Y, Yang W, Xing H, Dai Y. Review of precision rice hill-drop drilling technology and machine for paddy. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2018;11(3):1-11.
Diao Y, Zhu CH, Ren DH, Yu JQ, Luo X, Ouyang YY, Li XY. Key points and prospect of rice direct seeding technology by unmanned aerial vehicle. China Rice. 2020;26(5):22-25.
Xiao HX, Li YF, Yuan LY, Zhang ZF. Application and prospect of china agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle in rice production. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences. 2021;48(8):139-147.
Rahman MFF, Fan S, Zhang Y, Chen L. A comparative study on application of unmanned aerial vehicle systems in agriculture. Agriculture. 2021;11(1):22.
Zhou Z, Zang Y, Luo X, Lang Y, Xue X. Technology innovation development strategy on agricultural aviation industry for plant protection in China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. 2013;29(24):1-10.
Radoglou-Grammatikis P, Sarigiannidis P, Lagkas T, Moscholios I. A compilation of UAV applications for precision agriculture. Computer Networks. 2020;172:107148.
Song CC, Zhou ZY, Luo XW, Jiang R, Lan YB, Zhang HY. Review of agricultural materials broadcasting application on unmanned helicopter. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research. 2018a;40(9):1-9.
Gao Z, Peng X, Lin G, Zhang Q, Lu S, Ouyang F. Application of broadcast sowing by unmanned aerial vehicle in agriculture. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences. 2019;47(6): 24-30.
Mai WX, Ablez B, Zhang B, Zeng FJ, Tian CY. Rice yield under different cultivation patterns. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2019;35(36):1-5.
Wu Z, Li M, Lei X, Wu Z, Jiang C, Zhou L, Chen Y. Simulation and parameter optimisation of a centrifugal rice seeding spreader for a UAV. Biosystems Engineering. 2020;192:275-293.
Zhu BH, Li HY, Dong MT, Duan HS, Li ZQ, Cheng JH. Effects of different planting methods on yield and economic benefit of high quality medium indica rice variety Huanghuazhan. Hubei Agricultural Sciences. 2021a;60(24):20.
Wan J, Qi L, Zhang H, Zhou J. Research status and development trend of UAV broadcast sowing technology in China. In 2021 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting (p. 1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers; 2021.
Huang XM, Xu HW, Zhang S, Li WC, Luo CM, Deng YF. Design and experiment of a device for rapeseed strip aerial seeding. Transactions of the CSAE. 2020;36(5):78-87.
Zahra N, Hafeez MB, Nawaz A, Farooq M. Rice production systems and grain quality. Journal of Cereal Science. 2022;105: 103463.
Yang Z, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Li X, Ma P, Sun J, Li N. Comparison of energy use between fully mechanized and semi-mechanized rice production in Southwest China. Energy. 2022;245:123270.
Rita B, Sarawgi AK. Agro-morphological and quality characterization of badshah bhog group from aromatic rice germplasm of Chhattisgarh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research. 2008;33(3):479-492.
Swamy YMI, Bhattacharya KR. Induction and healing of cracks in rice grain during water-soaking of paddy. Journal of Food Science and Technology (Mysore). 2009;46(2):136-138.
Dipti SS, Bari MN, Kabir KA. Grain quality characteristics of some Beruin rice varieties of Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2003;2(4):242-245.
Bhattacharjee P, Kulkarni PR. A comparative study on the physical characteristics and cooking quality parameters of commercial brands of basmati rice. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2000;51(4): 295.
Shahidullah SM, Hanafi MM, Ashrafuzzaman M, Ismail MR, Khair A. Genetic diversity in grain quality and nutrition of aromatic rices. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2009;8(7).
Liu W, Zou S, Xu X, Gu Q, He W, Huang J, Luo X. Development of UAV-based shot seeding device for rice planting. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2022;15(6):1-7.
Jiyu L, Yubin L, Zhiyan Z, Shan Z, Cong H, Weixiang Y, Qiuyang Z. Design and test of operation parameters for rice air broadcasting by unmanned aerial vehicle. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2016;9(5):24-32.
Zheng X, Lu M, Pang Z, He Z, Xie G. Comparison of different direct seeding methods of early Indica rice. XianDai NongYe KeJi. 2021;5:13. DOI: 10. 3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2021.11.002
Zhu HB, Ma ZT, Xu D, Ling YF, Wei HY, Gao H. Discussion and expectation of unmanned cultivation technology system for rice with high quality and yield suitable for UAV seeding. China Rice. 2021b;27(5):5.
Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China. GB 20891-2014, Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Diesel Engines of Non- Road Mobile Machinery (CHINA III, IV); 2014.