Effect of Different Inorganic Fertlizers and Bio Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench )
Amchi Christbya M. Marak *
Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Deepanshu
Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Niharika
Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study was carried out during March – June 2022 on vegetable research farm Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The objective of the experiment was to screen out the best combination of biofertilizer and inorganic manures for growth, yield, and quality of okra and to work out the economics. The design of the experiment was randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The result shows that T8 75%N + 100%PK + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB was found superior in terms of plant height (9.30cm in 20 days, 30.23cm in 40 days, 43.58cm in 60 days), plant spread (19.94cm2 in 20 days, 34.64 cm2 in 40 days, 60.74 cm2 in 60 days), days to first flowering (33.98 days), days to 50% flowering (42.43days), days to fruit setting (46.95 days), days to first fruit picking (48.68 days), fruit weight (9.83g), length of fruit at marketable stage (13.10cm), girth of fruit (2.02cm), no. of fruit per plant (23.98/plant), no. of seeds per fruit (48.39), fruit yield per plant(g) 235.65g, fruit yield per plot (kg) 7.78kg, fruit yield (t/ha) 19.44, TSS (14.61oBrix), ascorbic acid (21.31 mg/100g). Net economic returns of treatment were highest in T8 (75%N + 100%PK + Azotobacter + Azospirillum + PSB) Rs.472592.83 with highest cost benefit ratio of (4.27).
Keywords: Inorganic fertilizers, bio- fertilizers, okra, growth, yield, quality
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Muthukumar R, Selvakumar R. Olericulture A. Introduction to Olericulture, Glaustas Horticulture, 2nd Edition. 2017;251-254.
Rahman MA, Ferdousi A. Effect of npk fertilizers on growth, yield and yield attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.). Bangladesh Journal of Botany. 2012;41(2):131-134.
Anal PM, Luikham E, Munsi P, Meitei WI. Growth, productivity and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv. prabhani kranti and nutrient balance in soil under chemical fertilizers, organic manures and biofertilizers in sub-tropical condition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2018;7(10):1686-1696.
Bhushan A, Bhat KL, Sharma JP. Effect of Azotobacter and inorganic fertilizers on fruit and seed yield of okra cv. Hisar Unnat. Agricultural Science Digest-A Research Journal. 2013;33(2):135-138.
Choudhary K, More SJ. Bhanderi DR. Impact of biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). The ecoscan. 2015;9(1&2):67-70.
DAR. Rhizobium biofertilizer. The Result of Research of Agricultural Research, Golden Jubilee. 2004;114-118.
El-Shaikh KAA, Hosseny MH, Mohamed H. Effect of bio and chemical fertilization on yield and fruit quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) under Sohag condition. Journal of Sohag Agriscience (JSAS). 2018;3(1):1-17.
El-Shaikh KAA, Mohamed MS, Hamadly KSH. Effect of bio-and mineral fertilization and number of pickings on seed production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Journal of Sohag Agriscience (JSAS). 2018;3(2):23-36.
Khetran R, Kasi MA, Agha SA, Shagufta F, Ali J. Effect of different doses of NPK fertilizers on growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2016;3(10): 213-218.
Sunda NR. Soil science, a competitive book of agriculture ninth edition. 2019;186-187.
Mazid M, Khan TA. Future of bio-fertilizers in Indian agriculture: an overview. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Research. 2015;3(3).
Mal B, Mahapatra P, Mohanty S, Mishra HN. Growth and yield parameters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) influenced by Diazotrophs and chemical fertilizers. Journal of Crop and weed. 2013;9(2): 109-112.
Kumar A, Pal AK, Mauriya SK, Yadav KS, Kumar R. Impact of different NPK levels and biofertilizers on growth and seed parameters in okra. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018;7(1):2375-2377.
Kumar V, Saikia J, Barik N. Influence of organic, inorganic and biofertilizers on growth, yield, quality and economics of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] under Assam condition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2017; 6(12):2565-2569.
Jagnow G. Inoculation of cereal crops and forage grasses with nitrogen fixing rhizosphere bacteria: possible causes of success and failure with regard to yield response – a review. Z Pflanzenernaehr Bodenkd. 1987;150:361–368
Becking JH. The family Azotobacteraceae. In: Balows A, Trüper HG, Dworkin M, Harder W, Schleifer KH (eds) The prokaryotes, 2nd edn. A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications,. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York. 1992;4:3144–3170.
Okon Y, Labandera-Gonzalez CA. Agronomic applications of azospirillum: an evaluation of 20 years worldwide field inoculation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 1994;26:1591-1601. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90311-5
Okon Y, Itzigsohn R. The development of Azospirillum as a commercial inoculant for improving crop yields. Biotechnology advances. 1995;13(3):415-424.
Meena DC, Meena ML, Kumar Sanjay. Influence of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Annals of Plant and Soil Research. 2019;21(2):130-134.
Reddy T, Yellamanda, Reddy GH, Sankara. Mineral Nutrition, Manures and fertilizers. Principles of Agronomy, fourth edition. 2010;210.
Rodelas B, Lopez, Gonzalez, Martinez MV. Pozo C, Salmeron V. Influence of rhizobium/ azotobacter and rhizobium/azospirillum combined inoculation on mineral composition of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Biology and Fertility of Soils. 1999;29(2):165-169.
Sajid M, Khan MA, Rab A. Shah SNM, Arif M, Jan I, Mukhtiar M. Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus on seed yield and yield components of okra cultivars. J. Anim. Plant Sci.2012;22(3): 704-707.
Nuruzzaman M, Ashrafuzzaman M, Islam M. Zahurul, Islam M. Rafiqul. Field efficiency of biofertilizers on the growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)., J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2003; 166:764-770.
Ambesh BS, Roy A, Ngomle S, Bhattacharya PM, Meena VS. Isolation and evaluation of Azotobacter spp. from different crop rhizosphere. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number (2017). 2017;4: 883-888
Suhag M. Potential of biofertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers. Int. Adv. Res. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2016;3(5):163-167.
Singh A, Agrawal M, Marshal FM. The role of organic vs. inorganic fertilizers in reducing phytoavailability of heavy metals in a wastewater-irrigated area. Ecological Engineering. 2010;36(12):1733-1740.
Thriveni V, Mishra HN, Pattanayak SK, Sahoo GS, Thomson T. Effect of inorganic, organic fertilizers and biofertilizers on growth, flowering, yield and quality attributes of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L. International Journal of Farm Sciences. 2015;5(1):24-29.
Vessey JK. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and soil. 2003;255:571-586.
Khan MA, Sajid M, Hussain Z, Rab A, Marwat KB, Wahid FI, Bibi S. How nitrogen and phosphorus influence the phenology of okra. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2013;45(2):479-482.
Gurjar RPS, Goyal AK, Kishor S, Singh A. Response of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and benefit: Cost ratio of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Biological Forum – An International Journal. 2022; 14(2):1269-1272.
Kanzariya HR, Kapadiya PK, Tank AK, Giriraj J, Kacha HL. Effect of chemical fertilizers and biofertilizer on growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) cv. Gujarat Okra-2. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 2010;39(1/2):165-168.
Premsekhar M, Rajashree V. Influence of bio-fertilizers on the growth characters, yield attributes, yield and quality of tomato. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 2009;3(1): 68-70.