International Journal of Environment and Climate Change

Experiment was explores vegetable oils as potential future fuels for internal combustion engines, particularly compression ignition engines designed for diesel. However, these oils have distinct properties from diesel, requiring modifications for direct use. Integration approaches include adjusting oil properties or adapting engines. Commonly, transesterification aligns oil properties, but using biodiesel often affects engine performance. In this study palm oil biodiesel as a diesel substitute, evaluating engine performance and emissions. In a short-term test, engine performance and emission traits by employing biodiesel blends of 0, 20, and 50 % with diesel at full load. Findings indicated that B20 and B50 exhibited 2.40% and 3.88% lower brake power than pure diesel. Volumetric efficiency percentages were 82.44 for B20, 81.64 for B50, and 82.93 for diesel. Notably, B20 and B50 showed 9.35% and 10.70 % decreased brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel. Interestingly, B20 and B50 displayed 1.09 and 2.44 % higher mechanical efficiency than diesel. Exhaust gas temperature was notably elevated in B20 and B50 blends. Nitric oxide concentrations were 98.74 ppm for diesel, 105.48 ppm for B20, and 111.78 ppm for B50. Carbon dioxide levels decreased by 4.14% for B20 and 7.86% for B50 relative to diesel. Carbon monoxide concentrations were 0.082% for B20 and 0.080% for B50, in contrast to diesel's 0.10%.