Morphometric Analysis of Nanjannad Hill Watershed in South India using Geographical Information System
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change,
Page 524-539
DOI:
10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1030827
Abstract
Watershed is a natural geohydrological unit that allows surface runoff to a particular point or outlet, Morphometric analysis plays a vital role in the proper planning and development of the watershed. Morphometric analysis of the Nanjannad watershed is carried out using integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS techniques. The present study attempted to determine the morphometric characteristics of Nanjannad watershed of Ooty, Tamil Nadu. Geographical information system (GIS) is used to evaluate linear, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. The drainage area of the watershed is 434 ha, the watershed is a Fourth-order drainage basin, and the lower order streams are mostly dominating in the watershed. Physiography, rainfall and lithology of the location control the stream orders. The development of stream segments in the watershed area is affected by rain, slope of the watershed varies from 0 to 87%. The mean Rb of the entire watershed is 4.38, indicating that geological structures do not influence the drainage pattern much. The whole watershed elongation ratio is 0.67 showing the majority of the area has Moderate relief and a steep slope, Relief ratio values implies that the discharge of the Nanjannad watershed is high and groundwater potential is meager, the moderate value of drainage density, stream frequency and drainage intensity, indicates that runoff is more likely to cause water logging. This work can be used as input to evaluate hydrology and water resources and will be helpful for integrated watershed planning.
Keywords:
- Drainage pattern
- geographical information system
- integrated watershed planning
- morphometric analysis
- stream frequency
How to Cite
Karthik, G., Nagarajan, K., Manivannan, S., Kannan, B., & Duraisamy, M. R. (2022). Morphometric Analysis of Nanjannad Hill Watershed in South India using Geographical Information System. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 12(10), 524-539. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1030827
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Miller VC. A quantitative geomorphic study of drainage basin characteristics in the clinch mountain area Virginia and Tennessee. Columbia Univ New York; 1953.
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Melton MA. An analysis of the relations among elements of climate, surface properties, and geomorphology. Columbia Univ New York; 1957.
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Faniran A. The index of drainage intensity: a provisional new drainage factor. Aust J Sci. 1968;31(9):326-330.
Pareta K, Pareta U. Integrated watershed modeling and characterization using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Indian Journal of Engineering. 2012;1(1): 81-91.
Wilson JJ, Ch N. Morphometric analysis of major sub-watersheds in Aiyar & Karai Pottanar Basin, Central Tamil Nadu, India using remote sensing & GIS techniques. Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, 2(Special Issue Special Issue on Geospatial Technology Development in Natural Resource and Disaster Management). 2012;08-15.
Srinivasa Vittala S, Govindaiah S, Honne Gowda H. Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in the Pavagada area of Tumkur district, South India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2004;32(4):351-362.
Mishra SS, Nagarajan R. Morphometric analysis and prioritization of sub-watersheds using GIS and remote sensing techniques: A case study of Odisha, India. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences. 2010;1(3):501.
Melton MA. The geomorphic and paleoclimatic significance of alluvial deposits in southern Arizona. The Journal of Geology. 1965;73(1):1-38.
Chopra R, Dhiman RD, Sharma PK. Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in Gurdaspur district, Punjab using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2005;33(4):531-539.
Umrikar BN. Morphometric analysis of Andhale watershed, Taluka Mulshi, District Pune, India. Applied Water Science. 2017;7(5):2231 -2243.
Gayen S, Bhunia GS, Shit PK. Morphometric analysis of Kangshabati-Darkeswar Interfluves area in West Bengal, India using ASTER DEM and GIS techniques. J Geol Geosci. 2013;2(4): 1-10.
Strahler AN. Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geological society of America bulletin. 1952;63(11):1117-1142.
Sreedevi PD, Subrahmanyam K, Ahmed S. The significance of morphometric analysis for obtaining groundwater potential zones in a structurally controlled terrain. Environmental Geology. 2005; 47(3):412-420.
Tiwari RN, Kushwaha VK. Watershed Prioritization Based on Morphometric Parameters and PCA Technique: A Case Study of Deonar River Sub Basin, Sidhi Area, Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India. 2021; 97(4):396-404.
Anand AK, Pradhan SP. Assessment of active tectonics from geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters in part of Ganga basin. Journal of Mountain Science. 2019;16(8):1943- 1961.
Srinivasa Vittala S, Govindaiah S, Honne Gowda H. Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in the Pavagada area of Tumkur district, South India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2004;32(4):351-362.
Kumar S, Chaudhary BS. GIS applications in morphometric analysis of Koshalya-Jhajhara watershed in northwestern India. Journal of the Geological Society of India. 2016;88(5):585-592.
Choudhari PP, Nigam GK, Singh SK, Thakur S. Morphometric based prioritization of watershed for groundwater potential of Mula river basin, Maharashtra, India. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes. 2018;2(4):256-267.
Khare D, Mondal A, Mishra PK, Kundu S, Meena PK. Morphometric analysis for prioritization using remote sensing and GIS techniques in a hilly catchment in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2014;7(10):1650-1662.
Malik A, Kumar A, Kandpal H. Morphometric analysis and prioritization of sub-watersheds in a hilly watershed using weighted sum approach. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2019;12(4): 1-12.
López-Pérez A, Fernández-Reynoso DS. Watershed prioritization using morphometric analysis and vegetation index: A case study of Huehuetan river sub-basin, Mexico. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021;14(18):1-21.
Mangan P, Haq MA, Baral P. Morphometric analysis of watershed using remote sensing and GIS—a case study of Nanganji River Basin in Tamil Nadu, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2019;12(6):1-14.
Prabhakar AK, Singh KK, Lohani AK, Chandniha SK. Study of Champua watershed for management of resources by using morphometric analysis and satellite imagery. Applied Water Science. 2019;9(5):1-16.
Manivannan S, Kannan B, PS Khola O, Kasthuri Thilagam V. Geospatial Technology Based Water Management Action Plan for South Forest Division of Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu; 2021.
Sujatha ER, Selvakumar R, Rajasimman B. Watershed prioritization of Palar sub-watershed based on the morphometric and land use analysis. Journal of Mountain Science. 2014;11(4): 906-916.
Govindaraj D, Senthikumar N, Periyasamy SS. Altitudinal gradients and species richness: A study on diversity of orthoptera in Nilgiris Shola Forests and Grasslands. Records of the Zoological Survey of India. 2022;121(4):465-472.
Saravanan S, Jennifer JJ, Singh L, Thiyagarajan S, Sankaralingam S. Impact of land-use change on soil erosion in the Coonoor Watershed, Nilgiris Mountain Range, Tamil Nadu, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2021;14(5):1-15.
Wentworth CK. A simplified method of determining the average slope of land surfaces. American Journal of Science. 1930;20(117):184-194.
Horton RE. Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 1945;56(3): 275-370.
Horton RE. Drainage-basin characteristics. Transactions, American geophysical union. 1932;13(1):350-361.
Adhikary PP, Dash CJ. Morphometric analysis of Katra watershed of Eastern Ghats: A GIS approach; 2018.
Schumm SA. Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Geological society of America bulletin. 1956;67(5):597-646.
Black PE. Hydrograph responses to geomorphic model watershed characteristics and precipitation variables. Journal of hydrology. 1972;17(4):309- 329.
Schumm SA. Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Geological society of America bulletin. 1956;67(5):597-646.
Barman BK, Rao CUB, Rao KS, Patel A, Kushwaha K, Singh SK. Geomorphic Analysis, Morphometric-based Prioritization and Tectonic Implications in Chite Lui River, Northeast India. Journal of the Geological Society of India. 2021;97(4):385-395.
Tukura NG, Akalu MM, Hussein M, Befekadu A. Morphometric analysis and sub-watershed prioritization of Welmal watershed, Ganale-Dawa River Basin, Ethiopia: implications for sediment erosion. Journal of Sedimentary Environments. 2021;6(1):121-130.
Hack JT. Studies of longitudinal stream profiles in Virginia and Maryland. US Government Printing Office. 1957; 294.
Chorley RJ. Illustrating the laws of morphometry. Geological Magazine. 1957; 94(2):140-150.
Strahler AN. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 1957;38(6):913-920.
Miller VC. A quantitative geomorphic study of drainage basin characteristics in the clinch mountain area Virginia and Tennessee. Columbia Univ New York; 1953.
Magesh NS, Chandrasekar N, Soundranayagam JP. Morphometric evaluation of Papanasam and Manimuthar watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India: a GIS approach. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2011;64(2):373-381.
Melton MA. An analysis of the relations among elements of climate, surface properties, and geomorphology. Columbia Univ New York; 1957.
Smart JS, Surkan AJ. The relation between mainstream length and area in drainage basins. Water Resources Research. 1967;3(4):963-974.
Faniran A. The index of drainage intensity: a provisional new drainage factor. Aust J Sci. 1968;31(9):326-330.
Pareta K, Pareta U. Integrated watershed modeling and characterization using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Indian Journal of Engineering. 2012;1(1): 81-91.
Wilson JJ, Ch N. Morphometric analysis of major sub-watersheds in Aiyar & Karai Pottanar Basin, Central Tamil Nadu, India using remote sensing & GIS techniques. Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, 2(Special Issue Special Issue on Geospatial Technology Development in Natural Resource and Disaster Management). 2012;08-15.
Srinivasa Vittala S, Govindaiah S, Honne Gowda H. Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in the Pavagada area of Tumkur district, South India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2004;32(4):351-362.
Mishra SS, Nagarajan R. Morphometric analysis and prioritization of sub-watersheds using GIS and remote sensing techniques: A case study of Odisha, India. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences. 2010;1(3):501.
Melton MA. The geomorphic and paleoclimatic significance of alluvial deposits in southern Arizona. The Journal of Geology. 1965;73(1):1-38.
Chopra R, Dhiman RD, Sharma PK. Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in Gurdaspur district, Punjab using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2005;33(4):531-539.
Umrikar BN. Morphometric analysis of Andhale watershed, Taluka Mulshi, District Pune, India. Applied Water Science. 2017;7(5):2231 -2243.
Gayen S, Bhunia GS, Shit PK. Morphometric analysis of Kangshabati-Darkeswar Interfluves area in West Bengal, India using ASTER DEM and GIS techniques. J Geol Geosci. 2013;2(4): 1-10.
Strahler AN. Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geological society of America bulletin. 1952;63(11):1117-1142.
Sreedevi PD, Subrahmanyam K, Ahmed S. The significance of morphometric analysis for obtaining groundwater potential zones in a structurally controlled terrain. Environmental Geology. 2005; 47(3):412-420.
Tiwari RN, Kushwaha VK. Watershed Prioritization Based on Morphometric Parameters and PCA Technique: A Case Study of Deonar River Sub Basin, Sidhi Area, Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of the Geological Society of India. 2021; 97(4):396-404.
Anand AK, Pradhan SP. Assessment of active tectonics from geomorphic indices and morphometric parameters in part of Ganga basin. Journal of Mountain Science. 2019;16(8):1943- 1961.
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