Safeguarding Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review of Plant Protection Strategies
Ashok Kumar Koshariya
Department of Plant Pathology, Collage of Agriculture and Research Station, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Fingeshwar- Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh, India.
Neha Sharma *
Department of Entomology, JNKVV University Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Satya Narayan Satapathy
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
P. Thilagam
Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Jeenur Krishnagiri, India.
Akanksha
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, India.
T. Laxman
Crop Production (Agronomist), DAATT Center, ARS, PJTSAU, Tandur, Vikarabad district, India.
Sumit Rai
Centre for Environment Assessment & Climate Change, GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India.
Bal veer Singh
Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (208002), India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The rapidly evolving landscape of agriculture faces myriad challenges, including pests, diseases, and environmental factors that jeopardise global food security. The urgency of these challenges necessitates innovative plant protection strategies that are both effective and environmentally sustainable. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the advancements and considerations in plant protection, from traditional methods to modern technological approaches. Traditional practices, although eco-friendly, often fall short in efficacy and scalability. The advent of chemical solutions such as pesticides revolutionised plant protection but brought about environmental and health concerns. Biological controls offer a middle-ground, leveraging natural predators and bio-pesticides to combat agricultural threats. Technology is playing an increasingly critical role in shaping the future of plant protection. Sensor technologies and drones are enabling precision agriculture, enhancing the monitoring and application of protection measures. Genetic engineering holds the promise of creating crops resistant to pests and diseases, albeit amid ethical and safety debates. Integrated Pest Management (IPM), a balanced, eco-friendly approach, is gaining traction, supported by case studies that validate its effectiveness and adaptability. Meanwhile, policy and regulation are evolving to better govern the use of chemicals, promote sustainability, and address the impacts of climate change on agriculture. This review explores future trends, particularly the influence of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology and IoT, and potential shifts in global policies towards more sustainable practices. It argues for the imperative of integrating these multifaceted approaches, guided by robust policies and regulations, to achieve the dual objectives of high agricultural yield and environmental conservation. It aims to provide a holistic understanding and guide future directions in plant protection strategies, emphasising the importance of adaptability, sustainability, and integration in facing the challenges of tomorrow.
Keywords: Agriculture, pesticides, biopesticides, technology, regulation