Nanomaterial-induced Changes in Plant Physiology and Genetics: Implications for Crop Improvement Strategies
Achyuta Basak *
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, India.
S. B. Amarshettiwar
Department of Plant Physiology, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India.
Nilakshi Bordoloi
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry (CAU, Imphal), India.
Yumkhaibam Sonia Shahni
Plant Pathology, Institution: SAS, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Nagaland, India.
Mubeen
Faculty of Agriculture, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur (U.P.), India.
Shreedhar Beese
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Triyugi Narain Kushwaha
Dr Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, India.
Shanti Bhushan
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture, Dumraon-802136, Buxar, BAU, Sabour, Bihar, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The utilization of nanomaterials in agriculture has gained significant attention due to their potential to induce changes in plant physiology and genetics, thereby offering new avenues for enhancing crop improvement strategies. This paper delves into the intricate interplay between nanomaterials and plants, shedding light on their molecular mechanisms of uptake and interaction. It explores the physiological responses that ensue following nanomaterial exposure, unraveling the intricate network of signaling pathways and stress responses. Moreover, the paper delves into the alterations in genetic expression triggered by nanomaterials, providing insights into the underlying regulatory mechanisms. The influence of epigenetic factors and potential transgenerational effects further accentuates the complexity of these interactions.
Underpinning this understanding, the paper discusses the prospects of harnessing nanomaterial-induced changes to enhance crop traits. It investigates how these changes can be employed to boost crop resilience, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance. The integration of nanomaterial-induced alterations into breeding and genetic modification strategies offers a promising approach for developing improved crop varieties. Ultimately, this comprehensive exploration of nanomaterial-induced changes in plant physiology and genetics highlights their far-reaching implications for revolutionizing crop improvement strategies in the face of evolving agricultural challenges.
Keywords: Nanomaterials, genetic expression, crop improvement, epigenetic influences, transgenerational effects, stress responses, breeding strategies