A Comprehensive Review on Role of Bio- Regulators in the Growth and Development of Fruit and Vegetable Crops
Shubham Jain *
Department of Fruit Science, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya-224 229 (U.P.), India.
Nivedita Nidhi
Department of Fruit Science, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj-211007, (U.P.), India.
Satishkumar Kale
Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture Bagalkot, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot-587104, Karnataka, India.
Manjunath Rathod
Department of Post-Harvest Technology, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot-587104, Karnataka, India.
Lalit Dhurve
Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, DIBER, DRDO, Haldwani-263139, Uttrakhand, India.
Halkebhaiya Mehara
Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, DIBER, DRDO, Haldwani-263139, Uttrakhand, India.
Bijay Kumar Baidya
C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar-752054, Odisha, India.
Shivani
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This comprehensive review focuses on the role of bio-regulators in the growth and development of fruit and vegetable crops. Bio-regulators, also known as plant growth regulators or plant hormones, play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, including cell division, elongation, differentiation, and fruit ripening. The review explores the major types of bio-regulators commonly used in fruit and vegetable cultivation, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. It examines their functions and effects on plant growth, flowering, fruit set, fruit development, and post-harvest characteristics. The review also discusses the widespread application of bio-regulators in horticultural practices, including seed treatment, foliar application, and post-harvest treatments. It highlights the potential benefits of using bio-regulators, such as improving crop yield, enhancing fruit quality traits, delaying senescence, and reducing post-harvest losses. Moreover, the review delves into the mechanisms of action of bio-regulators at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels. It investigates their interactions with various plant growth processes, signaling pathways, and gene expression patterns. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges and limitations associated with the use of bio-regulators in fruit and vegetable production, such as dosage optimization, application timing, and potential negative impacts on the environment.
Keywords: Auxins, bio-regulators, cell division, gibberellins and plant hormones