Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management and Salicylic Acid Application on Relative Water Content, Plant Height and Grain Yield of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Girija Prasad Patnaik *
Department of Agronomy, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Anupama Baliarsingh
Department of Agronomy, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Sanat Kumar Dwibedi
Department of Agronomy, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Bama Shankar Rath
Department of Agronomy, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Dayanidhi Mishra
Planning Monitoring and Evaluation, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India.
Narayan Panda
Department of Soil Science, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
Kailash Chandra Samal
College of Horticulture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Chipilima, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: A field study was conducted to quantify the effect of moisture deficit stress at different critical stages of quinoa and different mitigation approaches were adopted in order to alleviate moisture deficit stress.
Study Design: The experiment was designed in split plot design comprising of six main plots (water management) and four sub plots (stress mitigation approaches). The treatments in main plots viz., no irrigation at branching (M1), at ear formation (M2), flowering (M3), grain filling (M4) stages, irrigating at all four stages (M5) and irrigating as and when required (M6), and sub plot treatments viz., soil test-based fertilizer recommendation (STBFR) (S1), STBFR + Salicylic acid spray at 100 ppm (S2), STBFR + rice straw mulching (S3) and integrated nutrient management (S4) were tested.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during Rabi 2021-22.
Methodology: Moisture deficit stress was imposed by withholding irrigation water and not irrigating in the defined period. The treatments in the subplots were imposed as per the schedule.
Results: Optimal results, including significantly taller plants, elevated relative water content, and increased grain yield, were achieved when irrigation was applied on an as-needed basis (M6). Conversely, the lowest grain yield was observed when moisture deficit stress was imposed during the branching stage of quinoa. This outcome was primarily linked to a more substantial reduction in both relative water content and plant height. Among the various stress mitigation approaches, integrated nutrient management (S4) emerged as the most effective management practice, followed closely by STBFR + Salicylic acid spray at 100 ppm (S2).
Conclusion: The result indicated that branching stage is the most critical stage for irrigation in quinoa and integrated nutrient management could be the best approach under moisture deficit stress in quinoa among the other treatments.
Keywords: Quinoa, moisture deficit stress, salicylic acid, integrated nutrient management
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Srinivasa Rao K. Sarikotha panta quinoa, Sakhi News, 10 on 11.08; 2015.
Telahigue DC, Yahia LB, Aljane F, Belhouchett K, Toumi L. Grain yield, biomass productivity and water use efficiency in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under drought stress. J of Scientific Agric. 2017;1:222-32.
Najafabadi MY, Ehsanzadeh P. Salicylic acid effects on osmoregulation and seed yield in drought‐stressed sesame. Agron. J. 2017;109(4): 1414-22. Available:https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.11.0655
Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedures for agricultural research Vol. 2nd Ed. New Delhi, India: Wiley India Pvt Ltd; 2010.
Saddiq MS, Wang X, Iqbal S, Hafeez MB, Khan S, Raza A, Iqbal J, Maqbool MM, Fiaz S, Qazi MA, Bakhsh A. Effect of water stress on grain yield and physiological characters of quinoa genotypes. Agron. 2021;11(10):1934. Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101934
Sun Y, Liu F, Bendevis M, Shabala S, Jacobsen SE. Sensitivity of two quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties to progressive drought stress. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2014;200(1):12-23.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12042
Patnaik GP, Monisha V, Thavaprakaash N, Djanaguiraman M, Sachin S, Vikram K, Girwani T, Jeeva M, Monicaa M, Patnaik L, Behera B. Selenium Application Improves Drought Tolerance during Reproductive Phase of Rice. Sustainability. 2023;15(3): 2730.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032730
Singh B, Usha K. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regul. 2003;39:137-41.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022556103536
Bandurska H, Stroi ski A. The effect of salicylic acid on barley response to water deficit. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2005;27:379-86. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-005-0015-5
Salama AM, Seleem E, Abd El Salam R, Ghoniem A. Response of quinoa plant grown under drought stress to foliar application with salicylic acid, paclobutrazol and algae extract. J. Agric. Sci. 2021;3(2):87-104. Available:https://doi.org/10.21608/sjas.2021.81529.1118
Patnaik GP, Thavaprakaash N, Djanaguiraman M. Effect of period of soil moisture stress at panicle initiation and flowering stages on nutrient uptake and post-harvest soil nutrient status in rice. Madras Agric. J. 2020;11;107(7-9):1-6. Available:https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.2020.000377
Sachin S, Thavaprakaash N, Djanaguiraman M, Patnaik GP. Effect of induced moisture stress at critical stages on physiological traits and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Agromet. 2023 25;25(2):268-73. Available:https://doi.org/10.54386/jam.v25i2.2043
Patnaik GP, Thavaprakaash N, Djanaguiraman M. Effect of moisture stress at critical stages on growth and relative water content of rice (Oryza sativa). In Extended Summaries: 5th International Agronomy Congress. 2021; 2:1037-1038.
Yang A, Akhtar SS, Amjad M, Iqbal S, Jacobsen SE. Growth and physiological responses of quinoa to drought and temperature stress. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2016;202(6):445-53.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12167