A Comprehensive Review on Biochar
Manish Ramesh Pandao
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, India.
Gandikota Rupa Lalitha *
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Pin Code: 641003, India.
Ankireddypalli Jaya Kishore
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Pin code: 110012, India.
Smruti Ranjan Padhan
Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
Narinder Panotra
School of Biotechnology, SKUAST-Jammu, Chatha, Distt Jammu J&K, J&K 180009, India.
Shani Gulaiya
Department of Agronomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhalay (JNKVV), Jabalpur (M. P.), India.
Shivam Kumar Pandey
Rashtriya Raksha University, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Biochar from the pyrolysis of organic biomass is a highly porous carbon with many useful applications. While providing practical options for disposal and disease control, it also contributes to carbon sequestration by trapping carbon in plant biomass. The composition and structure of biochar depends on factors such as temperature, heating rate and production time. It also leads to bio-oil and biogas, which can be used for biochar production, electricity generation and the production of various chemicals. Incorporating biochar into the soil improves pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity and microbial activity.It reduces nutrient leakage and all necessary fertilizers reduce environmental pollution. Biochar also plays an important role in crop improvement. Besides improving the soil, biochar also has the advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing pesticide use and being used in the construction, cosmetics and treatment, wastewater and food industries. India is rich in biomass resources and has great potential for biochar production. This study explores various production technologies, their effects on biochar energy and the benefits of using biochar.
Keywords: Biochar, greenhouse gas, fertilizer, pyrolysis, biomass