Revolutionary Role of Trichoderma in Sustainable Plant Health Management: A Review
Ankit Kumar Singh *
ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, (Haryana) 132001, India and CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, (Haryana) 125 004, India.
Ankush Kumar
ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, (Haryana) 132001, India and CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, (Haryana) 125 004, India.
Ramji Singh
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110, India.
Rahul Saini
ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, (Haryana) 132001, India.
Sunny Maanju
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, (Haryana) 125 004, India.
Munish Leharwan
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, (Haryana) 132001, India.
Vrinda Sehgal
Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (Punjab) 144411, India.
Brijesh Kumar
Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (Punjab) 144411, India.
Pooshpendra Singh Dixit
Tulsi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ganivan, Chitrakoot (Uttar Pradesh) 210 206, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The use of chemical pesticides in agricultural practices has led to significant concerns related to health and the environment in the last few decades. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in finding alternative approaches for controlling pests and diseases that are effective and environmentally friendly. Among these alternatives, Trichoderma harzianum has gained attention due to its remarkable ability to combat various crop pathogens in sustainable form. Biocontrol agents have gained prominence as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional chemical pesticides in disease management and crop improvement. T. harzianum, a common filamentous fungus, has emerged as a promising biocontrol agent due to its multifaceted strategies for suppressing diseases and promoting crop growth. T. harzianum fosters plant growth by aiding nutrient absorption, improving soil structure, and generating growth-promoting substances like auxins and cytokinins. Field studies have substantiated the efficacy of T. harzianum in managing a wide array of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and nematodes whether used as a seed treatment, soil application, or foliar spray, T. harzianum establishes a beneficial presence early in the plant's life cycle, providing enduring protection. In conclusion, T. harzianum holds immense potential as a biocontrol agent to sustainably safeguard crops. Trichoderma species play a pivotal role in managing plant diseases due to their versatile mechanisms. As global agriculture seeks alternatives to chemical pesticides, leveraging T. harzianum 's potential offers a valuable avenue toward resilient and environmentally safe crop production.
Keywords: Trichoderma, biotic factors, fungi, nematode, antibiosis, mycoparasitism, management