Fields of Balance: An Extensive Analysis of Conventional and Organic Agriculture in the Contemporary Era
Vikas Gupta *
Departmant of Agronomy, JNKVV, College of Agriculture, Jabalpur, India.
Ritesh Bagora
Departmant of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, JNKVV, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Panna, India.
Ranvijay Pratap Singh
Departmant of Horticulture, JNKVV, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Panna, India.
Nirjharnee Nandeha
Departmant of Agronomy, KVK Mahasamund, IGKV, Raipur, India.
Duyu Monya
College of Horticulture and Forestry, CAU, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Harsh Nagar
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
Debesh Singh
RVSKVV, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Morena, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
By 2050, it is projected that there will be 10 billion people on the planet who need to be fed. Meeting these demands and maintaining environmental protection will be greatly dependent on the paradigms of conventional and organic agriculture. By following the historical origins of these two agricultural paradigms and examining their methods, effects, financial implications, and contributions to global food security, this review critically analyses them. We draw emphasis to the environmental footprints, paying special focus to biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, water management, and soil health. A deeper examination of consumer safety, community dynamics, and global market trends will be included in the discussion of the health effects of food produced in both systems and their societal ramifications. This review makes the case for an integrated approach to agriculture that makes use of best practices from both worlds by identifying the advantages and disadvantages of both farming systems. The goal of this harmonisation is to build a sustainable agricultural future that feeds people and maintains the planet's natural equilibrium.
Keywords: Systematic review, life cycle, assessment, sustainable agriculture, cropping systems, organic, conventional