Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Landscapes: The Role of Integrated Farming Systems
Jayaraj M.
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India.
A. Sangothari
Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
H. A. Archana *
Department of Agronomy, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Chengalpattu – 603 201, Tamil Nadu, India.
A. Vasuki
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India.
R. Surya
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College & Research Institute, TNAU, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India.
T. Keerthana
Department of Agricultural Extension, Institute of Agriculture Research & Technology, NMV University, Aruppukkottai – 626 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Agricultural landscapes, while essential for food production, often come at the cost of biodiversity loss. The utilization of conventional farming practices has led to habitat degradation, reduced species diversity, and ecological imbalances. In response, Integrated Farming Systems (IFS) have emerged as a promising approach to reconcile agricultural production with biodiversity conservation. This review examines the pivotal role of IFS in mitigating the adverse impacts of agriculture on biodiversity within the context of five key subheadings: (1) Understanding Integrated Farming Systems, (2) Enhancing Habitat Heterogeneity, (3) Promoting Agroecological Practices, (4) Managing Landscape Connectivity, and (5) Evaluating Socioeconomic Implications. We delve into the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of IFS in preserving biodiversity. Furthermore, we explore the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing IFS and the potential for IFS to contribute to sustainable agricultural landscapes. The findings emphasize the need for a holistic approach that integrates ecological, agronomic, and sociocultural dimensions to foster biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
Keywords: Integrated farming systems, biodiversity conservation, agricultural landscapes, habitat heterogeneity, agroecological practices, landscape connectivity