Climate Change Impact Assessment and Disaster Risk Financing Strategies in Mali: A Comprehensive Analysis of Drought and Flood Events
Tiga Neya *
Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West African Science of Climate Change and Adapted Land Use Competence Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and Doctoral School of Informatics for Climate Change, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Galine Yanon
United Nations Office for West Africa and Sahel, Dakar, Senegal.
Jonas Soubeiga
World Food Programme, Burkina Faso.
Razak Kiribou
Doctoral School of Informatics for Climate Change, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
Oble Neya
West African Science of Climate Change and Adapted Land Use Competence Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
John Magistro
Climate Change Adaptation, Resilience, and Food Security Office, Alexandria, VA, USA.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Climate change impact increasingly led to humanitarian assistance increase and needed. To better address climate change impacts mitigation, a suitable financing instrument is essential to facilitate government, humanitarian, and other stakeholders' finance mobilization. However, few studies have been done on disaster risk profiling to guide decision-makers in their choices. Disaster risk profile analysis has been conducted in Mali to facilitate financial resources mobilization and climate finance instrument choice by identifying Historical drought and flood events. To do so, published papers; and some international institution websites dealing with climate hazard events such as Reliefweb, Hazard/risk, climate information services, Relief Web; CRED- EM-DAT; World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal, World Bank- UNDRR -ThinkHazard, WFP ARC/GeoNode/VAM/DataViz addressing Mali country have been assimilated for evidence accumulation and synthesis and presented in a database. Furthermore, national statistics and national reports on hazards have been also reviewed. Before starting the reading exercise, a reading/analytical framework has been elaborated. In Mali the year 1984 to 2019, 21 flood events occurred in Mali and the most exposed regions to floods are Koulikoro, Bamako and Gao. From 1969 to 2020, 21 drought events were registered in in Mali and the most affected regions are Koulikoro, Mopti, Gao, Kayes. The time return period of drought has been estimated to 3 years while the time return of flood has been estimated to be about 2 years. Drought events are less frequent than flood events, however, drought events affect more population than floods. Also, Also, the yearly response cost for drought events is USD million 277.46 with an average US USD 204.37 cost per affected population. For the flood, even the yearly response cost is USD 11.107 million With USD 261.82 per affected population. Macro-insurance and CAT bonds are more suitable disaster risk financing instruments and are recommended to better address drought events while Anticipatory action and government contingency funds are more suitable climate disaster risk financing instruments to better address flood events in Mali.
Keywords: Drought, floods, climate Insurance, Disaster risk management, climate adaptation