Climate Smart Agriculture: A Roadmap to Sustainable Food Security
Junaid Mehraj
Division of Agronomy, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
Latief Ahmed
Division of Agronomy, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
Kahkashan Qayoom *
College of Temperate Sericulture, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
Faisul Rasool
Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
Raies A Bhat
Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
Umer Fayaz
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
Umar Rashid Abdullah
Division of Agronomy, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
Sajad Yousuf Dar
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
Amir Hussain Mir
Division of Agronomy, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, 190025, J&K, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Climate change (CC) and climate variability (CV) are causing irregular precipitation, rising sea levels, and frequent extreme weather events, which threaten global agricultural crop production through prolonged droughts, floods, and shifting agroclimatic zones. Addressing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring food security are among the greatest challenges of this century. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) emerges as a global strategy to enhance food productivity amid these uncertainties. CSA aims to create climate-resilient agricultural systems that increase soil health, water, and nutrient efficiency, provide stable yields, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By improving farmers' incomes and resilience to climate impacts, CSA contributes to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. Future CSA development directions include leveraging advanced internet technology for secure agricultural information, optimizing cropping patterns and management, integrating "internet + weather" services, and implementing agricultural weather index-based insurance. These strategies offer new pathways for ecological protection, green agricultural development, and climate change mitigation.
Keywords: Climate change, adaptation, mitigation, food security, agricultural production, climate smart agriculture, sustainable agriculture