Climate Change impact on Weeds and Herbicide Efficacy
Parvati *
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Raichur, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, 584104, Karnataka, India.
Poojitha K.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, GKVK, Bengaluru, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560065, Karnataka, India.
Pravalika K. M.
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm Mandya, University of Agricultural Sciences Bengaluru-571405, Karnataka, India.
Kashinath Gurusiddappa Teli
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Guria Karma, Barhi, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825405, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Climate change is the change in statistical distribution of weather pattern that lasts for an extended period of time. There are several components of these climate changes occurring globally that includes uneven rainfall, droughts, floods, warming of atmosphere etc. These are the most important challenges influencing natural ecosystems, agricultural productivity and food security. Climate change is not only influencing crop plants and forests directly but can also impact the pests of these crops. Weeds respond to climate change by changing the duration of their life cycles, population dynamics and shift to new habitats and become a potential competitor to crop plants thereby reducing the production and productivity of crops. Elevated temperature and elevated CO2 level in the environment interfere with herbicide activity, which affects the herbicide absorption, translocation and thereby reduces the efficacy of the applied herbicide. Weeds’ resistance to herbicides may probably increase due to further aggressive growth of weeds in future climate conditions, which can cause a decline in the efficacy of routinely used herbicides.
Keywords: Climate change, weeds, weed invasion, crop-weed competition, herbicide efficacy