Efficacy of Intercropping, Botanicals and Insecticides Against Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer (Earias vittella F.) on Okra in Uttar Pradesh, India
Heenashree Mansion *
Department of Entomology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh), India.
Umesh Chandra
Department of Entomology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh), India.
Sreelakshmi B. R.
Department of Entomology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh), India.
Amit Kumar
Department of Entomology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313001, India.
Sunil Kumar Dhabhai
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study assesses the effectiveness of intercrops, insecticides and botanicals against the okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vittella. The okra + marigold (1:1) and okra + coriander (1:1) intercropping had the least shoot damage (4.35 percent, respectively), according to the data (4.70 per cent). Okra + maize (1:1) saw the most shoot damage (5.51%) when compared to monoculture (6.68 per cent). Spinosad 45 SC 75 g a.i./ha (2.49%) had the lowest rate of shoot damage among the insecticides, followed by Abamectin 1.8 EC 25 g a.i./ha (3.12%) and botanical NSKE 5 per cent, which found that the per cent shoot damage (3.25) compared to sole crop (okra) was higher (6.68 per cent). The data showed that the least fruit damage (9.25 percent, respectively) occurred in the intercropping of okra + marigold (1:1) and okra + coriander (1:1) (11.59 per cent) weight basis. The fruit damage in okra + maize (1:1) was highest (15.37%) compared to monoculture (18.08 per cent). Among the insecticides, Spinosad 45 SC 75 g a.i./ha (1.73%) had the lowest rate of shoot damage, followed by Abamectin 1.8 EC 25 g a.i./ha (2.02%) and botanical NSKE 5%, which discovered that the percentage of shoot damage (2.76) compared to lone crop (okra) was higher (18.08 per cent ). The highest yield was observed when intercropping coriander and okra (1:1), whereas the lowest yield was recorded when intercropping maize and okra (23.28 q/ha) (1:1).
Keywords: Okra, Earias vittella, shoot and fruit damage, marigold, coriander, maize, sunflower