Plastic Use in Agriculture: Balancing Benefits, Environmental Impacts, and Sustainable Solutions
Opeyemi Oluremi Adeyanju *
Ecoweb360 Environmental Foundation, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Banji Samuel Awe
Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering, The Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Marvellous Christopher Etuk
Environment Agency, United Kingdom.
Olajumoke Helen Adeseko
Ecoweb360 Environmental Foundation, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Adenike Mary Aderotoye
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, The Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Plastics have become an essential component of modern agriculture, significantly enhancing productivity, improving water efficiency, and protecting crops due to their versatility, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Their widespread use in applications such as plastic mulches, greenhouse covers, irrigation systems, and packaging has revolutionized crop production by boosting yields and aiding pest control. However, the growing reliance on plastics in agriculture, commonly referred to as plasticulture, has raised significant environmental concerns. These include soil contamination, diminished soil fertility, microplastic pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which pose serious long-term risks to ecosystems. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of plastic use in agriculture, detailing its various applications and the associated environmental challenges. The persistence of plastic waste in soils, waterways, and natural habitats not only leads to pollution and biodiversity loss but also presents potential threats to human health. This review emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable solutions, including effective waste management strategies and advancements in biodegradable and bio-based plastics. It also discusses the potential of recycling technologies and the role of policy reform in minimizing the ecological footprint of agricultural plastics. In conclusion, this review advocates for a balanced approach that maximizes the agronomic benefits of plastics while minimizing their environmental impacts through innovation, research, and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices.
Keywords: Plasticulture, plastic pollution, sustainable alternatives, soil contamination, environmental impact, biodegradable plastic