Economic Analysis of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Production as Influenced by Different Organic Nutrient Sources under Mid Hill Condition of Himachal Pradesh
Atal Hameedi *
Division of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha-180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Kuldeep Singh Thakur
Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan-173230 (H.P.), India.
Nesar Ahmad Nesar
Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha-180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Meenakshi Attri
Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha-180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Rahmat Gul Stanikzai
Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha-180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Rakesh Kumar
Division of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha-180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Satesh Kumar
Division of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha-180009, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
A field investigation was conducted during the Kharif of 2016 at the Department of Vegetable Science, UHF, Nauni, Solan to explore the economic analysis of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production as influenced by organic nutrient sources. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with three replications comprising 10 different treatments. The study indicated that vermicompost @ 7 t/ha + Jeevamrut (Drenching @ 5% + Foliar spray @ 3%) highly affected yield and yield attributing traits of bell pepper and documented higher fruit weight (59.33 g), no. of fruits/plant (29.13), fruit yield/plot (24.73 kg), and fruit yield/ha (366.42 q) along with the highest gross income (₹ 916,050.00/ha) and net return (₹ 713,795.00/ha) whereas the greatest B: C ratio (5.43) was attained with no organic manure + Jeevamrut (Drenching @ 5% + Foliar spray @ 3%). As a result, from an economic standpoint, Jeevamrut (Drenching @ 5% + Foliar spray @ 3%) application and Vermicompost @ 7 t/ha in combination with Jeevamrut (Drenching @ 5% + Foliar spray @ 3%) application for high yield may be suggested for commercial production.
Keywords: Organic manure, liquid manure, economics, yield, bell pepper